Creation: https://gnosticismexplained.org/the-gnostic-demiurge/
The demiurge is given many names in the Gnostic scriptures,
but the three most common ones are Yaldabaoth (also spelled “Ialdabaoth”),
Samael, and Saklas. “Saklas” comes from the Aramaic word for “fool,” and
“Samael” is Aramaic for “Blind God” or “God of the Blind.”[3] The
meaning of “Yaldabaoth” is uncertain. The Gnostic text On the Origin of
the World fancifully translates it as “Youth, move over there,” but no
word or string of words that sounds like “Yaldabaoth” meant that in any ancient
Mediterranean language.[4] “Yaldabaoth” is somewhat close to
“child of chaos” in Aramaic, but that’s still a stretch,[5] as
is the intuitively plausible suggestion that it could be a condensed form of
“Yahweh, Lord of Sabbaths.”[6]
In the Gnostic
creation myth, Heaven – which the Gnostics called the “Pleroma,”
“Fullness” – was all that existed until a divine entity named Sophia tried to
conceive on her own, without the involvement of her heavenly partner or the
consent of God. Sophia gave birth to a son that was the product of the
rebellious and profane desire that had arisen within her.
This son of hers was the demiurge. The Gnostic text Reality
of the Rulers describes “him” as an androgynous being, an
“arrogant beast” that resembled an aborted fetus in both appearance and
character.[7] The Secret Book
of John adds that he had the body of a snake and the head of a
lion, with eyes like lightning bolts.[8] (In ancient Greek
philosophy, the lion was frequently a symbol of irrational passions. The
Gnostics were steeped in the Greek philosophical tradition, so their
description of the demiurge as having a lion’s head was probably intended to
show that he was a being who couldn’t or wouldn’t control his base urges.[9] That
certainly fits the demiurge’s personality as described in their texts.)
When Sophia saw the horrifying, twisted being that had come
from her, she was deeply ashamed and afraid. She disowned him and cast him out
of Heaven.
From his lonely position where his madness and conceit could
go unchecked, the demiurge gave birth to the archons (“rulers”[10]),
beings who were like him and could help him administer the material world. He
then created the material world, which, like all creations, was a reflection of
the personality of its creator.
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